Paul
Goble
Staunton, June 25 – One of the
greatest advantages Ukrainians have relative to Russians is the strength of
horizontal ties in Ukrainian society, ties that allow them to cooperate with
each other in ways that Russians rarely can, Yekaterina Shchetkina says. But
this advantage contains a weakness when it comes to the Ukrainian state and Ukrainian
attitudes toward Russians.
On Kyiv’s “Delovaya stolitsa” portal
yesterday, the Ukrainian commentator reaches that conclusion on the basis of an
analysis of recent poll results that show, despite Moscow’s aggression against
Ukraine, a majority of Ukrainians have a positive attitude toward Russia and
Russians (dsnews.ua/society/za-chto-my-lyubim-rossiyan-23062016180700).
“Our positive attitude toward
citizens of the Russian Federation,” Shchetkina says, “contains within itself
both a symptom and an element of therapy” because “we are searching for a means
which will allow us to avoid the full and pitilessly clear recognition of the reality
in which we find ourselves, the reality of a war with a neighboring country.”
Ukrainians not directly involved in
the fighting often do not want to admit that there is a war on, she continues.
They are sick of war and “the very fact of this war, a war with Russia or still
more precisely a war with Russians has become for [them] a deep trauma,” one
Ukrainians don’t want to face up to and so focus on other things.
“We do not want this war,”
Shchetkina says, because “for us, as before the thought of war with Russians is
against nature.” Consequently, Ukrainians simply deny its existence. And that is reflected in the fact that right
now, two out of three of them tell surveys that they have “a positive attitude
toward Russians.”
Such attitudes are encouraged by
Russians who come to Ukraine – and their numbers have increased rather than
fallen during the war – and tell Ukrainians that they don’t approve of what
their government in Moscow is doing.
That encourages Ukrainians in the view that “’not all Russians are
Putinoids.’”
What Ukrainians don’t see in the
comments of these Russians is that the latter are only interested in themselves
and not in Ukrainians as such. “This,”
she says, “is the only lesson which we ought to take from these visits. That
is, to learn how to distinguish one’s own from that of the other. But this isn’t easy.”
“Our links in the frameworks of ‘a
single space’ with Russia as before are significant. And while one would like
to write that the Kremlin with its propaganda, the Lubyanka with its
operations, and Ostankino with its brainwashing are to blame,” the situation is
much “worse” because Ukrainians “have their own reasons to love Russians.”
At the present time, she points out,
“Ukrainians relate to Russians much better than Russians do to Ukrainians,
despite the fact that they attacked us and not the other way around and despite
the fact that they seized part of our territory and not the other way around.” And
there are deep psychological reasons for this.
“Unlike Russians, Ukrainians have
never loved (and do not love) their own power vertical. They have never trusted
(and do not trust) vertical structures.” Instead, for them, “horizontal, ‘human’
ties of family, friendship, and work are much more important.” That helped
power the Maidan but it limits their ability to cope with a war with Russians.
These various ties, Shchetkina says,
“’tie’” Ukrainians to Russia, “where every other Ukrainian has relatives, where
many of our compatriots have worked and continue to earn money, to cure their
children, to travel on business, and to interact.” Such “’lower’ ties” were
shaken after the Revolution of Dignity but they did not completely disappear.
“As before,” she argues, “we
continue to see in ‘simple Russians’ ‘our own,’” and we want to believe that
they “do not support their government” when it is carrying out attacks on
Ukraine and Ukrainians. But that attitude,
Shchetkina insists, is “both a symptom and an element of therapy.”
“It is a symptom of the fact that
our statehood is still a project, that we are not ready to face up to the
reality of war against it but rather continue to hold on to our links or their
illusions.” Thus, if Kyiv won’t speak
about a state of war, it is not simply a diplomatic move; it is a reflection of
a population “which is not prepared to see Russians as their enemies.”
“We like the Russians are
post-Soviet people with a specific form of civic amnesia. However, the civic
feelings we are different and we have to deal with that fact,” Shchetkina says.
“Unlike us, the Russians have always loved (and love today) their state” and
view it as their defense and salvation.
Consequently, Russians “will support
it and justify it in everything and to the end. And they will be ready to see
enemies” all around, “including [Ukrainians] rather than see it in their own
government. Ukrainians are in many ways
just the reverse, a great strength but also a great weakness.
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