Paul
Goble
Staunton, August 5 – In 1789, the
Duke of Liancourt told Louis XVI that what the French king faced was “not a
mutiny, Sire, but a revolution.” So too today, Armenian leader Nikol Pashinyan
is moving against not corruption in the Western sense but against kleptocracy
in which corruption is not a partial evil but the essence of the system.
And that distinction, one that is
all too often “lost in translation,” Yerevan commentator Tigran Khzmalyan says,
is the main reason behind Vladimir Putin’s anger about what is going on in
Armenia today: It is not an attack on this or that corrupt figure but on the
system on which the Kremlin leader operates (kasparov.ru/material.php?id=5B65D93E8E633).
As such, what Pashinyan is doing is
for Putin even more of a threat than the declarations of leaders of other
post-Soviet states that they want to reorient themselves away from Moscow
toward the West because it is that and an attack on the kleptocratic principle
that Putin has enshrined as the basis of his rule.
“Corruption in the Western
understanding is unacceptable and dangerous thing but only PART of the
socio-political system,” Khzmalyan points out. It can be more or less
widespread depending on circumstances; but it is never the defining feature of
the system. Instead, it is viewed as a danger to it.
But “in totalitarian societies of
the Asian type,” societies like those in Putin’s Russia and its satellites, “everything
is different. Corruption there is so different that even to call it by the same
word is an enormous and fatal mistake, a mistake which leads to the
substitution of concepts” and makes clarification of the truth impossible.
Indeed, “in Russia and its
satellites, there is no corruption. More precisely, there is no corruption
there in the Western understanding of the word, as a separate phenomenon reflecting
the group interests of one part of society set in opposition to the state as a
whole,” Khzmalyan says. Instead, “corruption” is the essence of these states.
Because that is the case, the
Armenian analyst continues, Russian Duma deputies like Mizulina, Markov and
Yarovaya are “absolutely right when they openly and sincerely declare that the struggle
with corruption is an attack on the sovereignty of Russia.”
“In Russia and in a large portion of
its former possessions, corruption is the main state-forming principle, the
basic method of the existence, preservation and transfer of power. Thus, the
word ‘corruption’ absolutely loses its original meaning and must be replaced by
another non-Latin but Greek term – kleptocracy, the rule of thieves.”
Under their rule, “corruption is
practically non-existent because the essence of these systems is corruption.
More precisely, in such systems, there is nothing except corruption.”
“That is why any real struggle with
corruption immediately is transformed into a struggle for power in the state
and into a struggle for the very existence of the state,” Khzmalyan says. That is what Mikael Saakashvili did in
Georgia: “he struggle not with corruption but with kleptocracy” – he almost succeeded
and was attacked by Russia for that
Pashinyan is now trying to do the
same thing in Armenia, the analyst continues. “The arrest of Robert Kocharyan,
the second president of the republic, is only formally connected with his criminal
secret order 0038 of February 23, 2008 to direct the army against the people in
violation of the constitution.”
Instead, the case against him is far
larger because Kocharyan “was defending not just his own power but the very
existence of the kleptocratic system which he created over the course of the
ten years he was in office” and which was the basis of his ties with Putin in
Moscow. All this will come out at his trial – and that is why the Kremlin is so
angry.
“The nervous reaction of Moscow to
the arrests in Yerevan is understandable. ‘This isn’t Georgia, this isn’t
Ukraine, this is Armenia,’ Pashinyan said at the end of April. ‘This isn’t a
Maidan, this isn’t Saakashvili, this is ours,’ his words were translated for
Putin in the Kremlin.” And that makes what the Armenian leader is doing even
more disturbing for the Russian leader.
Pashinyan, Khzmalyan argues, is not
declaring that he is trying to take Armenia to the West: he is simply working
to “destroy Asia in Armenia,” and that makes him doubly dangerous because “the
struggle with corruption in this part of the world can only be a struggle with
the kleptocracy. Everything else is simply tilting at windmills.”
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